JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017

講演情報

[EE]Eveningポスター発表

セッション記号 A (大気水圏科学) » A-AS 大気科学・気象学・大気環境

[A-AS09] [EE] 成層圏-対流圏相互作用 ―統一領域としての新しい視点―

2017年5月24日(水) 17:15 〜 18:30 ポスター会場 (国際展示場 7ホール)

[AAS09-P16] Extreme tropical lower stratospheric water vapor and ice amounts during 2015-2016 and their relation to ENSO, QBO, and convective overshooting

Karen Hepler Rosenlof1、*Sean M Davis1,3Melody Avery2Hao Ye4Andrew Dessler4 (1.NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory、2.NASA Langley Research Center、3.Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder、4.Texas A&M University)

キーワード:stratospheric water vapor, tropical tropopause layer, convective overshooting, ENSO, QBO

In this presentation, we investigate the relative roles of tropical tropopause layer (TTL, ~14 – 19 km) temperatures and overshooting on the tropical lower stratospheric water vapor budget using satellite observations, reanalyses, and dehydration trajectory modeling applied to the highly unusual El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) events of 2015-2016.



To first order, the TTL temperature field regulates the amount of water vapor entering the stratosphere by controlling the amount of dehydration in the rising air. Thus, modes of climate variability such as the stratospheric QBO, variations in tropical upwelling, ENSO have the potential to impact the stratospheric entry value of water vapor via their impact on TTL temperatures. Additionally, vigorous convection that overshoots the local tropopause might also have a direct impact on stratospheric water vapor in a manner that circumvents the TTL cold trap mechanism.



The El Niño and subsequent La Niña of 2015-2016 coincided with a remarkable perturbation to the concentration of water vapor entering the stratosphere in the tropics. At the end of 2015 during the El Niño, a decadal record amount of lower stratospheric water vapor was observed in the Western Pacific, followed by a record dry anomaly that occurred after the 2016 QBO “interruption” and during the La Niña.



Coincident with the record setting amount of water vapor at the end of 2015, the TTL Western Pacific cold pool was shifted eastward from its climatological position and aligned with the center of convection over the Central Pacific. Over this region, there was an extreme decadal record amount of convective cloud ice in the lower stratosphere observed by the CALIOP satellite lidar. A trajectory-based analysis that models hydration based solely on reanalysis temperature and wind fields can account for only about half of the observed tropical lower stratospheric moistening during this event. This suggests that unresolved dynamical processes associated with convection and/or sublimation of lofted ice particles also contributed to lower stratospheric moistening. These processes could contribute to climate change-induced stratospheric water vapor increases.