[15p-313-1~10] English session: Joint Symposium on Nanobiotechnology and Biosensing

▲ [15p-313-1] Integrating biomolecular self-assembly with enzyme display: plant viral nanocarriers for novel biosensor layouts

Claudia Koch¹, Fabian J. Eber¹, Angela Schneider¹, Klara Altintoprak¹, Fania C. Geiger², Anna Mueller¹, Sourabh Shukla³, Zhenyu Wu⁴, Carlos Azucena⁵, Carl Krill III⁴, Nicole F. Steinmetz³, Hartmut Gliemann⁵, Matthias Baecker⁶, Arshak Poghossian⁶, Michael J. Schoening⁶, Holger Jeske¹, Sabine Eiben¹, 〇Christina Wege¹ (1.Univ. of Stuttgart, Germany, 2.MPI for Intelligent Systems, Germany, 3.Case Western Reserve University, USA, 4.Ulm University, Germany, 5.Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, 6.FH Aachen, Germany)

Keywords:tobacco mosaic virus, self-assembly, biosensor

Plant virus-derived building blocks offer intriguing opportunities for the design and controlled fabrication of novel nanostructures of pre-determined uncommon shapes, exposing multivalent protein surfaces with chemically selectively addressable groups. These enable to immobilize, cluster and orientate functional units ranging from fluorescent dyes to active biomolecules including enzymes and antibodies, with a spacing in the nanometer range and thus highly suited to realize reaction cascades or combinatorial tasks. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based nanotube systems are among the most versatile nucleoprotein templates in this context, as their bidirectional self-assembly from engineered RNA and thousands of coat protein (CP) subunits can be externally nucleated and guided by nucleic acid constructs containing the viral Origin of Assembly (OAs) sequence. This has yielded different types of straight, kinked or branched carrier architectures of 18 nm diameter, with ≈700 CP molecules per 100 nm tube length, including particles with longitudinal subdomains displaying distinct coupling groups produced by a dynamic DNA-controlled stepwise assembly method. Since the 3'-termini of the RNA scaffolds may be immobilized without impairing assembly, also stick arrays on planar supports or 'nanostar' colloids with controllable arm numbers on beads are accessible through bottom-up self-organization.
Such TMV derivatives are of particular value as carrier templates in technical environments, diagnostics and 'lab-on-a-chip' approaches. They have proven robust in a wide range of conditions and against nucleases, and could be equipped with functional units in high surface densities to an unprecedented extent. The resulting biohybrid objects have been tested in various applications in joint projects. This has demonstrated excellent capabilities as intravital fluorescent tracers targeting tumors in dependence of their aspect ratio, as regulatory additives improving magnetoviscosity and shear stability of ferrofluids, and as beneficial adapter scaffolds in enzyme-based biosensor layouts increasing the performance of systems with both colorimetric and label-free electrochemical readout. As a whole, the studies point at an immense, reliable potential of TMV-deduced objects to serve as tailorable ordering tools enabling complex interactive tasks on the nanoscale, and the fabrication of multifunctional hybrid materials.
References: http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/bio/bioinst/molbio/abteilung/mitarbeiter/wege/index.html