^○Eko Prasetyo¹, Andi Asadul Islam², Mochammad Hatta³, Djoko Widodo⁴, Ilhamjaya Pattelongi⁵ (1. Departement of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi, Indonesia, 2. Departement of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Indonesia, 3. Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Indonesia, 4. Departement of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Indonesia, 5. Departement of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi/ Departement of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Indonesia)

^○Kyeong Taek Oh¹, Jeongmin Kim², Sun Kook Yoo¹, Kyeong Yoon Woo², Cheung Soo Shin² (1. Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea, 2. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea)

^○Tadahiro Kobayashi¹, Kento Sakaguchi¹, Kazunori Takahashi¹, Taro Matsuuchi², Yu Onodera², Ryo Akimoto², Hiroto Suzuki², Masaki Nakane¹, Kaneyuki Kawamae² (1. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan, 2. Department of Anesthesiology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan)

^○Ah-Reum Cho, Hyeon-Jeong Lee, Wangseok Do, Soeun Cheon, Jae-Young Kwon, Hae-Kyu Kim (Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Korea)

^○Ye Rim Chang¹, Sung Wook Chang² (1. Depar tment of Surger y, Trauma Center, Dankook University Hospital, Korea, 2. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Trauma Center, Dankook University Hospital, Korea)

^○Jae-Myeong Lee¹, Joo Won Lee², Tae Suk Chung², Eun Sook Bang³, So Hee Kim² (1. Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea, 2. College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technoloby, Ajou University, Korea, 3. Office of Pharmacy, Ajou University Hospital, Korea)

^○Yoko Tsukada¹, Marie Tanaka¹, Nao Nishi¹, Kenji Wakabayashi², Hideo Takahashi², Hidenobu Shigemitsu² (1. Intensive Care Unit, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Medical Hospital, Japan, 2. Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan)

^○Akira Kuriyama¹, Daisuke Kawakami², Hiroshi Iwasaki³, Masaaki Sakuraya⁴, Masahiro Irie⁵ (1. Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan, 2. Department of Anesthesiology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan, 3. Critical Care Center, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan, 4. Department of Emergency Service/ Intensive Care Unit, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Japan, 5. Department of Anesthesiology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan)