^○Jeongsu Kim^1,2, Sanghun Jung¹, Minjeong Kim², Mihwa Park², Jaehyeon Park¹, Jinhee Jang¹, Heegyeong Cho¹, Jaehwa Cho^1,2 (1. Department of Hospital Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 2. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Inha University Hospital)

^○Se Hee Na, Cheung Soo Shin (Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine)

^○Soo-Jeong Kim^1,2, Jaesub Park^1,2, Seung-Taek Oh¹, Jae-Jin Kim^1,2, Cheung Soo Shin⁴, Se Hee Na⁴, Jin Young Park^1,2 (1. Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 2. Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, 3. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University)

^○Na Ra Sin¹, Seon Gyeong Choe¹, Eun Kyoung Kim¹, Ji Eun Hong¹, Jung Yoen Kim¹, Eun Sung Kim¹, Pill Ja Kim¹, Yeon Soo Jang², Young Sam Kim³, Jeong Min Kim⁴ (1. Division of Nursing, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, 2. College of Nursing, Nursing Policy Research Institue, Yonsei University, 3. Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 4. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine)

^○Koji Ishikawa¹, Natsuko Makino², Keiko Nakamura³, Miki Ssgawara⁴ (1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 2. Nursing Department, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, 3. Graduate School of Nursing, Sapporo City University, 4. School of Nursing, Sapporo City University)

^○Yujiro Matsuishi, Haruhiko Hoshino, Nobutake Shimojo, Yuki Enomoto, Takahiro Kido, Tetsuya Hoshino, Yoshiaki Inoue (Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba,)

^○Jung Min Lee,¹, Yong Ae Cho², Ji Hyun Yoon³, Hye Ok Choi³, Nam Cho Kim⁴ (1. Department of Nursing, Samsung Medical Center, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, 2. Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 3. Department of Nursing, Samsung Medical Center, 4. College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea)