*Takuya Yamada¹, Yuta Nemoto^2,3, Takuya Ueda³, Shinichiro Sato⁴, Noriko Takeda⁵, Hatsumi Ozawa⁶, Yoshinori Kitabatake⁷, Yoishiharu Fukuda¹, Takashi Arao⁸ (1. Teikyo university graduate school of public health, 2. Kanagawa university of human services, 3. Tokyo metropolitan institute for geriatrics and gerontology, 4. University of human arts and sciences, 5. kogakuin university, 6. Tsuru city hall, department of longevity and elderly care, 7. Saitama Prefectural University, 8. Meiji yasuda life foundation of health and welfare. physical fitness research institute)

*Takahiro Hayashi^1,2, Taiji Noguchi³, Shang Erhua⁴ (1. Aichi Medical College of Rehabilitation, 2. Center for Well-being and Society, 3. Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 4. Department of Human Health, Aichi Toho University)

*Aki Gen¹, Tomoko Hashimoto², Mio Ishigami¹, Tashunori Murakami³, Tetsuya Ueda¹, Yumi Higuchi¹ (1. Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metrpolitan University, 2. Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, 3. Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University)

*Shinji Iizaka¹, Aki Kawamura², Emiko Koitabashi³, Takako Negishi⁴ (1. School of Nutrition, College of Nursing and Nutrition, Shukutoku University, 2. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Wayo Women's University, 3. Division of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Toho University, 4. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University)

*Noriko Yoshimura¹, Gaku Tanegashima², Toshiko Iidaka¹ (1. Department of Preventive Medicine for Locomotive Organ Disorders, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo , 2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo)