^○Masahiro Ohara¹, Kazunori Takagi², Kie Yoshida¹, Yusuke Maeda², Rintaro Hara¹, Kazuki Sato², Tetsuya Nagata¹, Takeshi Wada², Takanori Yokota¹ (1.Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan, 2.Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science)

^○Larisa Miller¹, Kazuo Fujihara^2,3, Sean J. Pittock⁴, Achim Berthele⁵, Ho Jin Kim⁶, Michael Levy^7,8, Ichiro Nakashima^3,9, Celia Oreja-guevara¹⁰, Jacqueline Palace¹¹, Murat Terzi¹², Natalia Totolyan¹³, Shanthi Viswanathan¹⁴, Kai-chen Wang^15,16, Amy Pace¹, Marcus Yountz¹, Guido Sabatella¹, Róisín Armstrong¹, Dean M. Wingerchuk⁴ (1.Alexion Pharmaceuticals, USA, 2.Fukushima Medical University, 3.Tohoku University, 4.Mayo Clinic, 5.Technical University of Munich, 6.Research Institute and Hospital, Goyang, 7.Johns Hopkins University, 8.Massachusetts General Hospital, 9.Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 10.Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 11.John Radcliffe Hospital, 12.Ondokuz Mayis University, 13.First Pavlov State Medical University of St Petersburg, 14.Kuala Lumpur Hospital, 15.Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, 16.National Yang Ming University)

^○Jeffrey L. Bennett¹, Benjamin Greenberg², Anthony Traboulsee³, Lech Szczechowski⁴, Edward Fox⁵, Svitlana Shkrobot⁶, Takashi Yamamura⁷, Yusuke Terada⁸, Yuichi Kawata⁸, H.-christian Von Büdingen⁹, Gaelle Klingelschmitt⁹, Athos Gianella-borradori¹⁰, Brian G. Weinshenker¹¹ (1.University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA, 2.University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 3.University of British Columbia, 4.Silesian Centre of Neurology, 5.Central Texas Neurology Consultants, 6.Ternopil State Medical University, 7.National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 8.Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, 9.F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 10.Chugai Pharma USA LLC, 11.Mayo Clinic)

^○Satoshi Suda¹, Yasuyuki Iguchi², Shigeru Fujimoto³, Yoshiki Yagita⁴, Masayuki Ueda⁵, Takao Kanzawa⁶, Seiji Okubo⁷, Kenichi Todo⁸, Mineo Yamazaki⁹, Nobuhito Nakajima¹⁰, Kazumi Kimura¹, PASTA investigators^1,2,3,4,5 (1.Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School, Japan, 2.Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3.Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University Hospital, 4.Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 5.Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 6.Department of Stroke Medicine, Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Mihara Memorial Hospital, 7.Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 8.Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 9.Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 10.Department of Neurology, Kitamurayama Hospital)

^○Takahiko Saida^1,2, Qi Hao^1,2, Michiko Yamauchi^1,2, Kyoko Saida^1,2,3 (1.Irino Clinic, Kansai Multiple Sclerosis Center, Japan, 2.Institute of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Japan, 3.Kyoto Hakuaikai Hospital, Dept. of Neurology)

^○Mikito Hayakawa¹, Yuji Matsumaru^1,2, Shuichi Tanoue³, Kimihiko Orito⁴, Yasuharu Takeuchi⁴, Michihiro Tanaka⁵, Shigeru Miyachi⁶, Masaru Hirohata⁴ (1.Division of Stroke Prevention and Treatment, Faculty of Medicine, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan, 2.Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 3.Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 4.Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 5.Department of Neurosurgery, Kameda Medical Center, 6.Department of Neurosurgery, Aichi Medical University)

^○Jin Nakahara (Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan)

^○Hiroyuki Murai¹, Shigeaki Suzuki², Miki Hasebe³, Yuji Fukamizu³, Ema Rodrigues⁴, Kimiaki Utsugisawa⁵ (1.International University of Health and Welfare, Japan, 2.Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 3.Alexion Pharma GK, 4.Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 5.General Hanamaki Hospital)

^○Takashi Yamamura¹, Ingo Kleiter², Kazuo Fujihara³, Jacqueline Palace⁴, Benjamin Greenberg⁵, Beata Zakrzewska-pniewska⁶, Francesco Patti⁷, Albert Saiz⁸, Masayuki Haramura⁹, Yusuke Terada⁹, Yuichi Kawata⁹, Jerome De Seze¹⁰ (1.Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan, 2.Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, and Marianne-Strauß-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke, 3.Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, and the Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, 4.Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, 5.Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6.Department of Neurology, Warsaw Medical University, 7.Department G.F. Ingrassia, Neuroscience Section, University of Catania, 8.Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, 9.Chugai Pharmaceutical, 10.Department of Neurology, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Clinical Investigation Center, INSERM)

^○Yuko Kobayakawa^1,2, Koji Todaka², Wataru Shiraishi¹, Ryo Yamasaki¹, Jun-ichi Kira¹ (1.Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan, 2.Kyushu University Hospital, Center of Clinical and Translational Research, Japan)