日本地球惑星科学連合2015年大会

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セッション記号 M (領域外・複数領域) » M-IS ジョイント

[M-IS46] 海底マンガン鉱床の生成・環境・起源

2015年5月27日(水) 18:15 〜 19:30 コンベンションホール (2F)

コンビーナ:*臼井 朗(高知大学自然科学系理学部門)、高橋 嘉夫(東京大学大学院理学系研究科地球惑星科学専攻)、伊藤 孝(茨城大学教育学部)、鈴木 勝彦(独立行政法人海洋研究開発機構・海底資源研究開発センター)

18:15 〜 19:30

[MIS46-P02] 伊豆・小笠原弧の海底火山活動に伴う現世の鉄・マンガン酸化物の沈殿プロセス

*日野 ひかり1臼井 朗1岡村 慶1西 圭介1 (1.高知大学)

キーワード:マンガンクラスト, 低温熱水活動, ベヨネース海丘, マンガン鉱物, バーナダイト, バイオミネラリゼーション

Ferromangaese crusts (hereafter called Fe-Mn crusts) consist mainly of Fe and Mn oxides and often cover the hard-rock substrates on the flank and summit of seamounts. Because of a very slow rate of growth (<1-15mm/m.y.), Fe-Mn crusts are considered as condensed stratigraphic record of oceanographic and geologic conditions of the surrounding environment during accretion of the successive laminae at the seafloor (Hein et al., 1992). Even though Fe-Mn crusts form basically by hydrogenetic precipitation, the exact mechanisms of growth and metal enrichments are poorly understood.
We carried out an experimental approach to investigate on-site metal-oxide precipitation on artificial substrates. Mn-free (plastic, glass, ceramic) substrates were deployed for 12 years on the Bayonaise Knoll of a possible hydrothermal area in the Izu-Bonin arc, at depths of 918-920 m. The mineralogical and chemical characrerization to the experimental surfaces were documented by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
FE-SEM observations of the surfaces revealed the presence of ball-, doughnut- and rod- shaped structure contain substantial amount of Fe-Mn oxides. These size and shape of the precipitates looks like microorganisms or bacterial mats. The average growth rate of the objects is calculated ave. 0.05-2.79 mm/m.y. The X-ray element mapping of the precipitate showed Mn-Fe enrichment with Si and Ca (without sediments or calcareous planktons) and may be associated with coprecipitation.
This finding was the first evidence of modern active precipitation of initial Fe-Mn oxides from hydrothermal/ normal sea waters in the ocean floors. The Fe-Mn oxides are probably hydrogenetic precipitate of ferruginous vernadite, a major constituent of Fe-Mn crusts. Ferruginous vernadite is the only one major iron-hosting marine authigenic manganese mineral (Usui & Terashima, 1997) and is characterized by low crystallinity caused by randomly-stacked sheets of manganese and iron hydroxides (Ostwarld, 1984). Thus, our data suggests that the precipitation initiates from the formation of Fe-Mn oxide even in hydrothermal areas.