[A-AS01] Global Carbon Cycle Observation and Analysis

[AAS01-04] Regional methane emission estimation based on observed atmospheric concentrations (2002–2012)

*Prabir Patra^1,2、Tazu Saeki¹、Edward J Dlugokencky⁴、Kentaro Ishijima¹、Taku Umezawa³、Akihiko Ito³、Shuji Aoki²、Shinji Morimoto²、Eric A Kort⁵、Andrew Crotwell⁴、Ravi Kumar Kunchala⁶、Takakiyo Nakazawa² (1.Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan、2.CAOS, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan、3.National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan、4.NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Colorado, USA、5.University of Michigan, Michigan, USA、6.Arctic GRENE, National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan)

キーワード：greenhouse gases, source/sink inversion, regional CH4 emission

Methane (CH₄) is one of the most important short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) due to its dual roles as a strong greenhouse gas and in air pollution chemistry. A better understanding of the regional (country-level) emissions is required for effective policymaking for emission mitigation as well as for evaluating progress of the committed INDCs (Intended Nationally Determined Contribution) at the Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris in 2015. An atmospheric chemistry-transport model (i.e., JAMSTEC’s ACTM) has been developed to simulate greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances. With atmospheric CH₄ lifetime being ~10 years, accurate knowledge of the transport and chemistry are established first for monitoring and verification of CH₄ emissions using atmospheric data by inverse modeling (referred to as top-down method). We have performed an ensemble of 7 inversions, by varying the bottom-up emissions for top-down estimation of CH₄ emissions from 53 partitions of global land using the ACTM forward simulations and atmospheric measurements at 39 surface sites. Our top-down results show that CH₄ emissions for the East Asian and Tropical regions are overestimated, up to about 20 Tg/yr (1Tg = 10¹²g) each, by the bottom-up method. In contrast, top-down estimation for the southern extratropics is about 10 Tg/yr higher CH₄ emissions compared to the bottom-up method. Furthermore, the emission increase between 2002 and 2012 is also overestimated by the bottom-up method for East Asia. We use additional observational evidences to show that CH₄ emissions from coal burning is overestimated from the East Asia (China) region, and the emissions from enteric fermentation (livestock farming) is increasing in the tropical countries. We determine the tropical CH₄ emissions increase is due to livestock farming, based on an analysis of observed carbon isotopes of CH₄ (δ¹³C) by Tohoku University and animal population from Food and agriculture organization (FAO) statistics.
This study has been carried out as part of Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (Research Number: 22241008), Suishin-hi (Research Number: 2-1401), and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and Arctic Climate Change Research, Green Network of Excellence (GRENE) Project (led by National Institute of Polar Research) by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.