*Antara Banerjee^1,2, John C. Fyfe³, Lorenzo M. Polvani⁴, Darryn Waugh^5,6, Kai-Lan Chang^1,2 (1.Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA, 2.Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA, 3.Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 4.Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, 5.Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., 6.School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia)