*Yuko Asano¹, Taro Uchida², Takashi Gomi³, Shigeru Mizugaki⁴, Marino Hiraoka⁵, Masanori Katsuyama⁶, Satoshi Niwa⁷, Yoshiyuki Yokoo⁸ (1.The University of Tokyo, 2.Tsukuba University, 3.Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 4.Civil Engineering Research Institute for cold region, Public Works Research Institute, 5.Public Works Research Institute , 6.Kyoto Prefectural University, 7.Japan Conservation Engineers & Co., Ltd., 8.Fukushima University)

*Taro Uchida¹, Yuko Asano², Shigeru Mizugaki³, Yoshiyuki Yokoo⁴, Marino Hiraoka⁵, Takashi Gomi⁶, Satoshi Niwa⁷, Masanori Katsuyama⁸ (1.University of Tsukuba, 2.University of Tokyo, 3.Civil Engineering Research Institute for cold region, Public Works Research Institute, 4.Fukushima University, 5.Public Works Research Institute, 6.Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 7.Japan Conservation Engineers & Co., Ltd. , 8.Kyoto Prefectural University)

*Hiromi Akita¹, Shigeru Mizugaki¹, Yasuhiro Murakami¹ (1.Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region)

*Shigeru Mizugaki¹, Junichi Ohtsuka¹, Yasuhiro Murakami¹, Hiromi Akita¹, Atsushi Tanise¹, Masa-aki Murayama¹ (1.Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region, PWRI)

*Takahisa Furuichi^1,2, Shigeru Mizugaki³, Nobutomo Osanai⁴, Masanori Nunokawa³ (1.Miyagi University of Education, 2.University of the Sunshine Coast, 3.Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region, 4.The National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies)