1:45 PM - 3:15 PM
[O07-P01] Weather in Fukuoka Prefecture in the Edo period from the Nakamura Heizaemon diary
Keywords:Nakamura Heizaemon diary, detail rate
Motivation for research
We have been restoring the climate data for the Edo period in Japan from historical documents which were written before the official weather observation records were started in the 16th year of the Meiji period. This year, we analyzed the historical document called the "Nakamura Heizaemon diary" from Kitakyushu.The diary contains information about the actual conditions of people's lives and daily events and was written in the 55 years from 1812 to 1866.
The purpose of the research
1.To create a database in conjunction with the historical documents that we examined in the last few years.
2.Therefore, based on the previous research,we examined the relationship between the“weather appearance rate” and the “detail rate" which measures the accuracy of the records.
The research method
We classified the weather in the historical documents to make the classifications closer to the definitions currently used by Japan Meteorological Agency and the weather was classified as snowy, rainy, cloudy, or sunny.
Data#1 Weather appearance rate(graph1)
The annual trend of the weather appearance rate is as shown in the graph. The sunny appearance rate was the highest at 64.1% in 1828, and the lowest was 39.3% in 1860.The rainy appearance rate was highest at 41.2% in 1860 and lowest at 20.9% in 1813.
Data#2 The weather appearance rate according to the season(graph2)
Looking at the seasonal weather appearance rate , in 1836, when severe damage to crops caused the Tenpo famine, the rainy appearance rate in the summer was 45.7% and the sunny appearance rate was 32.6%. In fact, the usual sunny and rainy appearance rate was reversed.In 1860, the sunny appearance rate fell in the period from spring to autumn, and the sunny and rainy appearance rate in spring and summer were reversed.
Data#3 Annual composition ratio of descriptions of rain(graph3)
The Nakamura Heizaemon diary was written by one person who focused on recording rain .In the all of descriptions, weather described as only “rain” was 79.9%, and other records described the weather as “rainy weather”, “white rain”, “light rain”, “sprinkles of rain”, “light showers”, “drizzle”. The description of “heavy rain” or “strong rain” in 1836 was 10.2%.
Data#4 Summer rain by description / annual composition ratio(graph4)
Looking at the ratio of summer rain, 1836,which is considered to have been a year when heavy rain fell all through the summer, 20.9% of the rain was recorded as “heavy rain” combined with “strong rain”.In the summer of 1831, the record of “strong rain” was remarkable at 23.5%.
detail rate(reference)
Here, we decided to examine the accuracy of recording using the “detail rate” we found in a paper by Professor Sho Kenjiro of Nagoya Institute of Technology.
Data#5 The “detail rate” 1811 to 1866(graph5)
The average for the entire period was 29.9%, the highest rate was 46.2% in 1865 and the lowest rate was 3.6% in 1814.From 1812 to 1866 at the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, the weather records became more detailed and correlated with the rainy appearance rate .The line of dashes shows the trend of the graph.
Data#6 The “detail rate” for four seasons(graph6)
The “detail rate” for all the four seasons increased towards the end of the Edo period.The “detail rate” of the Nakamura Heizaemon diary for the entire period was 29.9%, which was the same as the Joubu diary, which we had researched previously. The trend of the rainy appearance rate and the trend of the “detail rate” for 55 years are in agreement.
Data#6 Comparison of weather appearance rate every 30 years between the historical documents(graph7)
Comparing the historical documents, "Nijoke diary" and "Myohoin diary" are records of the same place, Kyoto. The "Nijōke diary" is uncomplicated and the rainy appearance rate during the same period is low.
Discussion1
(1)The “detail rate” of the Nakamura Heizaemon diary for the entire period was 29.9%, which was the same as the Joubu diary, which we had researched previously. The trend of the rain appearance rate and the trend of the “detail rate” for 55 years are in agreement.
It is suggested that "rain appearance rate" can be corrected by "detail rate".
Discussion2
In 1836, when the annual composition ratio of heavy rain was 10.2%, it was described as “heavy rain” only in the summer, and the composition ratio of heavy rain was 20.9%.
Summary of the study
1.The composition ratio of “heavy rain” in 1836 was 10.2%, and it is considered that it was the summer when heavy rain fell.
2.The “detail rate” for the entire period is 29.9%, which is higher than the previous research.It is said that the higher the detail rate, the higher than the rainy appearance rate ,and the Nakamura Heizaemon diary also shows a correlation as in previous studies.
We have been restoring the climate data for the Edo period in Japan from historical documents which were written before the official weather observation records were started in the 16th year of the Meiji period. This year, we analyzed the historical document called the "Nakamura Heizaemon diary" from Kitakyushu.The diary contains information about the actual conditions of people's lives and daily events and was written in the 55 years from 1812 to 1866.
The purpose of the research
1.To create a database in conjunction with the historical documents that we examined in the last few years.
2.Therefore, based on the previous research,we examined the relationship between the“weather appearance rate” and the “detail rate" which measures the accuracy of the records.
The research method
We classified the weather in the historical documents to make the classifications closer to the definitions currently used by Japan Meteorological Agency and the weather was classified as snowy, rainy, cloudy, or sunny.
Data#1 Weather appearance rate(graph1)
The annual trend of the weather appearance rate is as shown in the graph. The sunny appearance rate was the highest at 64.1% in 1828, and the lowest was 39.3% in 1860.The rainy appearance rate was highest at 41.2% in 1860 and lowest at 20.9% in 1813.
Data#2 The weather appearance rate according to the season(graph2)
Looking at the seasonal weather appearance rate , in 1836, when severe damage to crops caused the Tenpo famine, the rainy appearance rate in the summer was 45.7% and the sunny appearance rate was 32.6%. In fact, the usual sunny and rainy appearance rate was reversed.In 1860, the sunny appearance rate fell in the period from spring to autumn, and the sunny and rainy appearance rate in spring and summer were reversed.
Data#3 Annual composition ratio of descriptions of rain(graph3)
The Nakamura Heizaemon diary was written by one person who focused on recording rain .In the all of descriptions, weather described as only “rain” was 79.9%, and other records described the weather as “rainy weather”, “white rain”, “light rain”, “sprinkles of rain”, “light showers”, “drizzle”. The description of “heavy rain” or “strong rain” in 1836 was 10.2%.
Data#4 Summer rain by description / annual composition ratio(graph4)
Looking at the ratio of summer rain, 1836,which is considered to have been a year when heavy rain fell all through the summer, 20.9% of the rain was recorded as “heavy rain” combined with “strong rain”.In the summer of 1831, the record of “strong rain” was remarkable at 23.5%.
detail rate(reference)
Here, we decided to examine the accuracy of recording using the “detail rate” we found in a paper by Professor Sho Kenjiro of Nagoya Institute of Technology.
Data#5 The “detail rate” 1811 to 1866(graph5)
The average for the entire period was 29.9%, the highest rate was 46.2% in 1865 and the lowest rate was 3.6% in 1814.From 1812 to 1866 at the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, the weather records became more detailed and correlated with the rainy appearance rate .The line of dashes shows the trend of the graph.
Data#6 The “detail rate” for four seasons(graph6)
The “detail rate” for all the four seasons increased towards the end of the Edo period.The “detail rate” of the Nakamura Heizaemon diary for the entire period was 29.9%, which was the same as the Joubu diary, which we had researched previously. The trend of the rainy appearance rate and the trend of the “detail rate” for 55 years are in agreement.
Data#6 Comparison of weather appearance rate every 30 years between the historical documents(graph7)
Comparing the historical documents, "Nijoke diary" and "Myohoin diary" are records of the same place, Kyoto. The "Nijōke diary" is uncomplicated and the rainy appearance rate during the same period is low.
Discussion1
(1)The “detail rate” of the Nakamura Heizaemon diary for the entire period was 29.9%, which was the same as the Joubu diary, which we had researched previously. The trend of the rain appearance rate and the trend of the “detail rate” for 55 years are in agreement.
It is suggested that "rain appearance rate" can be corrected by "detail rate".
Discussion2
In 1836, when the annual composition ratio of heavy rain was 10.2%, it was described as “heavy rain” only in the summer, and the composition ratio of heavy rain was 20.9%.
Summary of the study
1.The composition ratio of “heavy rain” in 1836 was 10.2%, and it is considered that it was the summer when heavy rain fell.
2.The “detail rate” for the entire period is 29.9%, which is higher than the previous research.It is said that the higher the detail rate, the higher than the rainy appearance rate ,and the Nakamura Heizaemon diary also shows a correlation as in previous studies.