[P-CG21] Origin and evolution of materials in space

[PCG21-P01] The necessity of far-infrared space telescope PRIMA for star and planet formation sciences

*Shota Notsu¹, Yao-Lun Yang², Hideko Nomura³, Kenji Furuya², Takashi Shimonishi⁴, Gianni Cataldi³ (1.Earth and Planetary System Science Group, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2.Star and Planet Formation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 3.National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 4.Niigata University)

Keywords:PRIMA, Protoplanetary Disks, Far-Infrared, Space Telescope, Protostars, Debris Disks

Understanding the origin of solar-type planetary systems has been one of the persisting questions in astronomy and planetary science. Formed in dense dusty clouds, the high extinction challenges direct observational characterizations of the physical and chemical processes at the onset of star and planet formation. In the last decades, most studies rely on sub-mm and mm interferometric observations using especially ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) to probe the cold dust and gas (~10 - 100 K), constraining the structures and chemistry of planet-forming disks. In recent years, the JWST (James Webb Space Telescope) provides unprecedented sensitivity at mid-infrared wavelengths, characterizing the hot gas and dust (> 1000 K). However, the bulk energy of protostars and protoplanetary disks lies at far-infrared wavelengths (100 - 1000 K), where we used to have access via ISO, AKARI, SOFIA, and Herschel but not anymore.

The PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics (PRIMA) is a mission concept which is leaded by NASA and primed to provide a unique access to probe the dominant components of gas and dust in protostellar and protoplanetary systems for the community in the 2030 decade (see e,g., arXiv: 2310.20572). In this presentation, I will discuss the unique science cases on protostars and disks that PRIMA's 24-235 um imaging and spectral coverage can enable, as well as PRIMA’s synergy with ground-based facilities such as ALMA and ngVLA.

In addition, as a member of PRIMA-Japan working group, I will introduce the overview of PRIMA-Japan working group and discuss potential unique science cases about star and planet formation proposed from PRIMA-Japan working group: such as (1) to constrain the origin of gas in debris disks by using [OI] and [CII] lines (2) To locate the water snowline positions by using various water lines and to constrain the gas dispersal processes by using HD and H2 lines, from the combination of PRIMA/FIRESS and the Japanese future mid-infrared space telescope GREX-PLUS.