*Ping Chang¹, Jen-Shan Hsu¹, Xue Liu¹, Ramalingam Saravanan¹ (1.Texas A&M University College Station)

Hyacinth Nnamchi¹, *Noel S Keenlyside^2,3, Fred Kucharski⁴, Ping Chang^5,6, Jianping Li⁷, In-Sik Kang^8,9, Riccardo Farneti⁴ (1.Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 2.Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre, 3.Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, 4.Earth System Physics Section, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, 5.Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 6.Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, 7.College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, and Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, China, 8.School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, 9.Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

Hyacinth Nnamchi¹, *Noel S Keenlyside^2,3, Fred Kucharski⁴, Ping Chang^5,6, Jianping Li⁷, In-Sik Kang^8,9, Riccardo Farneti⁴ (1.Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 2.Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre, 3.Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, 4.Earth System Physics Section, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, 5.Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 6.Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, 7.College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, and Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, China, 8.School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, 9.Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)