In multicellular organisms, the germ cell lineage is the only cell type with the potential to create new individuals, thereby ensuring the perpetuity of the species. To renew life, the germ cell lineage undergoes a unique series of differentiation processes, during which germ cells acquire genetic diversity and the genomic functions necessary for totipotency while maintaining genomic integrity. These processes are often influenced by various physiological, social, and environmental factors. Given not only the biological importance of this process but also the recent crises—such as the rise in infertility and massive species extinction, both of which may be partly due to compromised germ cell potential—we must revisit a key and fundamental question in germ cell biology: What are the mechanisms that underpin the continuity of the germ cell lineage?
 
 To systematically understand the continuity of the germ cell lineage, it is not enough to simply elucidate the mechanisms of germ cell development. Instead, it is essential to compare these mechanisms with those of somatic cells. Unlike the germ cell lineage, somatic cells restrict their function and proliferative capacity during development and aging, accumulate genomic mutations, and eventually discontinue to function upon individual death. In contrast, cancer cells, even though derived from the somatic cell lineage, can bypass this discontinuity, suggesting that germ cell development and tumorigenesis might share common mechanisms for acquiring continuity. Therefore, comparing the processes involved in the creation of germ cells, somatic cells, and cancer cells could provide key insights into novel mechanisms involved in the continuity of the germ cell lineage. Additionally, it is important to understand how these processes are influenced by individual, societal, and ecosystem-level factors. Beyond the reproductive potential of individuals, reproduction is often compromised within social and ecological environments to ensure species survival. Understanding how such compromises impact genetic integrity and diversity within populations and ecosystems can offer valuable perspectives on species continuity—what an intriguing concept to explore how species decisions can surpass individual intentions!
 
 At the 53rd Naito Conference, leading researchers from around the world will be invited to address these issues, and through discussions with young researchers, we will explore the keys to unlocking the continuity of germ cells from various perspectives.