*Yasunori Tohjima¹, Jiye Zeng¹, Tomoko Shirai¹, Akihiko Ito¹, Motoki Sasakawa¹, Toshinobu Machida¹ (1.National Institute for Environmental Studies)

*Yosuke Niwa^1,2, Akihiko Ito¹, Toshinobu Machida¹, Motoki Sasakawa¹, Yasunori Tohjima¹, Taku Umezawa¹, Shinji Morimoto³, Shuji Aoki³, Yousuke Sawa², Kazuhiro Tsuboi², Hidekazu Matsueda², Ed Dlugokencky⁴, Christina Harth⁵, Paul B Krummel⁶, Ray L Langenfelds⁶, Zoe M Loh⁶, Jens Mühle⁵, Simon O’Doherty⁷, Ronald G Prinn⁸, Michel Ramonet⁹, Peter Salameh⁵, Colm Sweeney⁴, Ray Weiss⁵, Dickon Young⁷, Simona Castaldi^10,11, Sergio Noce¹², Marielle Saunois⁹, Ann R Stavert¹³ (1.National Institute for Environmental Studies, 2.Meteorological Research Institute, 3.Tohoku University, 4.Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 5.Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, 6.Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, 7.School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, 8.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9.Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), 10.DISTABIF, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 11.Department Landscape Design & Sustainable Ecosystems RUDN University, 12.IAFES, Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, 13.Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere)

*Yasunori Tohjima¹, Jiye Zeng¹, Tomoko Shirai¹, Akihiko Ito¹, Motoki Sasakawa¹, Toshinobu Machida¹ (1.National Institute for Environmental Studies)

*Yosuke Niwa^1,2, Akihiko Ito¹, Toshinobu Machida¹, Motoki Sasakawa¹, Yasunori Tohjima¹, Taku Umezawa¹, Shinji Morimoto³, Shuji Aoki³, Yousuke Sawa², Kazuhiro Tsuboi², Hidekazu Matsueda², Ed Dlugokencky⁴, Christina Harth⁵, Paul B Krummel⁶, Ray L Langenfelds⁶, Zoe M Loh⁶, Jens Mühle⁵, Simon O’Doherty⁷, Ronald G Prinn⁸, Michel Ramonet⁹, Peter Salameh⁵, Colm Sweeney⁴, Ray Weiss⁵, Dickon Young⁷, Simona Castaldi^10,11, Sergio Noce¹², Marielle Saunois⁹, Ann R Stavert¹³ (1.National Institute for Environmental Studies, 2.Meteorological Research Institute, 3.Tohoku University, 4.Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 5.Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, 6.Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, 7.School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, 8.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9.Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), 10.DISTABIF, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 11.Department Landscape Design & Sustainable Ecosystems RUDN University, 12.IAFES, Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, 13.Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere)

*Richao Cong¹, Makoto Saito¹, Ryuichi Hirata¹, Akihiko Ito¹ (1.Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies)

*Shamil Maksyutov¹, Aki Tsuruta², Rajesh Janardanan¹, Fenjuan Wang¹, Akihiko Ito¹, Motoki Sasakawa¹, Toshinobu Machida¹, Isamu Morino¹, Yukio Yoshida¹, Johannes Kaiser³, Greet Janssens-Maenhout⁴, Ed Dlugokencky⁵, Tsuneo Matsunaga¹ (1.National Institute for Environmental Studies, 2.Finnish Meteorological Institute, 3.Deutscher Wetterdienst, 4.European Commission, Joint Research Centre , 5.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Global Monitoring Division)

*Tokuta Yokohata¹, Yusuke Satoh¹, Tsuguki Kinoshita², Gen Sakurai³, Yadu Pokhrel⁴, Akihiko Ito¹, Etsushi Kato⁵, Masashi Okada¹, Naota Hanasaki¹, Tomoko Nitta⁶, Seita Emori¹ (1.National Institute for Environmental Studies, 2.Ibaraki University, 3.National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4.Michigan State University, 5.The Institute of Applied Energy, 6.University of Tokyo)

*Tokuta Yokohata¹, Yusuke Satoh¹, Tsuguki Kinoshita², Gen Sakurai³, Yadu Pokhrel⁴, Akihiko Ito¹, Etsushi Kato⁵, Masashi Okada¹, Naota Hanasaki¹, Tomoko Nitta⁶, Seita Emori¹ (1.National Institute for Environmental Studies, 2.Ibaraki University, 3.National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4.Michigan State University, 5.The Institute of Applied Energy, 6.University of Tokyo)

*Tomohiro Hajima¹, Shingo Watanabe¹, Michio Kawamiya¹, Kaoru Tachiiri¹, Hiroaki Tatebe¹, Akihiko Ito², Kumiko TAKATA², Michio Watanabe¹, Maki Noguchi¹, Akitomo Yamamoto¹, Akinori Ito¹, Manabu Abe¹, Rumi Ohgaito¹, Dai Yamazaki³ (1.Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2.National Institute for Environmental Studies, 3.Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo)

*Tatsuya Miyauchi¹, Makoto Saito¹, Hibiki M Noda¹, Yukio Yoshida¹, Haruki Oshio¹, Akihiko Ito¹ (1.National Institute for Environmental Studies)

*Tatsuya Miyauchi¹, Makoto Saito¹, Hibiki M Noda¹, Yukio Yoshida¹, Haruki Oshio¹, Akihiko Ito¹ (1.National Institute for Environmental Studies)