*Toshihiro Yamada1 (1.Research Fellow, Graduate School of Education, University of Tokyo )
convener:Michiko Yajima(College of Humanity and Science, Nihon University), Shigeyuki Aoki(Faculty of Letters, Chuo University), Toshihiro Yamada(Research Fellow, Graduate School of Education, University of Tokyo), Shigeo Yoshida(Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University)