*MOKHIRI MALESELA MAKHAFOLA1, Tsubasa Otake1, Tsutomu Sato1, Danie Grobler2 (1.Hokkaido University, 2.Ivanplats Pty. Ltd)
convener:Tsubasa Otake(Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University), Daisuke Araoka(Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology), Ryohei Takahashi(Graduate School of International Resource Sciences, Akita University), Tatsuo Nozaki(Research and Development Center for Submarine Resources, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology), Chairperson:Tsubasa Otake(Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University), Daisuke Araoka