9:33 AM - 9:48 AM
[O03-03] Can you protect yourself from volcanic eruptions by learning at school?
★Invited Papers
Keywords:comprehensive geography(Chiri-sougou), disaster prevention education, volcanic disaster
In this presentation, I will use volcanic disasters as an example of how school learning can help you protect yourself from disasters. When analyzing school studies, I mainly use five different textbooks on geography. This is because geography is a required subject for high school students and because it has substantial content on disaster prevention education. In addition, we will also examine the basics of geoscience, which deals with natural phenomena.
The most dangerous volcanic disasters: Among various volcanic disasters, the three most dangerous are pyroclastic flows, volcanic mudflows, and phreatic eruptions. All are extremely dangerous because of their high velocity. Pyroclastic flows are fast and hot. They can reach the base of the volcano. If you are engulfed in a pyroclastic flow, you are 100% mortal. In the 1991 eruption of Mt. Unzen-Fugendake, 43 people were killed by pyroclastic flows. Because pyroclastic flows are fast, it is necessary to evacuate before they occur (pre-evacuation). Volcanic mudflows are also high-speed flows that come to the foot of the volcano. If you are swallowed by a volcanic mudflow, it is as dangerous as a tsunami.
In phreatomagmatic eruptions, stones fly at high speed due to explosions. This occurs in small eruptions, but is fatal to climbers around the crater. In the 2014 eruption of Mt. Ontake, 63 people near the crater were killed or went missing. High-speed eruptions are as dangerous as a bullet from a gun, so you need to hide quickly behind a rock or in a hut (emergency evacuation).
Almost all textbooks have some form of description of these three types of disasters, with the exception of volcanic mudflows. Of course, since these are geography textbooks, they do not explain them in great detail. You should learn about disaster phenomena in Basic Geography or other textbooks to have sufficient knowledge of these disasters.
You need to evacuate quickly from these three types of disasters. However...people don't run away unexpectedly. It is very difficult to escape even when danger is imminent. In fact, at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake, it is known that there were people who did not escape even though they sensed the danger of a tsunami. Have you ever heard of "normalcy bias"? It is a psychological condition in which people think that their situation is normal, even in an emergency situation such as an imminent disaster. In such a state of mind, people think that they will be fine and do not evacuate easily. In order to avoid being caught in the "normalcy bias," it is important to know that the "normalcy bias" exists and how to get out of it.
I thought that "normalcy bias" was probably not written in the geography textbooks, but when I looked in the geography textbooks... to my surprise, I found that it is written in three different textbooks. I think this is wonderful.
Now, I am running out of words. In my presentation, I would like to talk about "eruption prediction" and "unexpectedness" in hazard maps.
The most dangerous volcanic disasters: Among various volcanic disasters, the three most dangerous are pyroclastic flows, volcanic mudflows, and phreatic eruptions. All are extremely dangerous because of their high velocity. Pyroclastic flows are fast and hot. They can reach the base of the volcano. If you are engulfed in a pyroclastic flow, you are 100% mortal. In the 1991 eruption of Mt. Unzen-Fugendake, 43 people were killed by pyroclastic flows. Because pyroclastic flows are fast, it is necessary to evacuate before they occur (pre-evacuation). Volcanic mudflows are also high-speed flows that come to the foot of the volcano. If you are swallowed by a volcanic mudflow, it is as dangerous as a tsunami.
In phreatomagmatic eruptions, stones fly at high speed due to explosions. This occurs in small eruptions, but is fatal to climbers around the crater. In the 2014 eruption of Mt. Ontake, 63 people near the crater were killed or went missing. High-speed eruptions are as dangerous as a bullet from a gun, so you need to hide quickly behind a rock or in a hut (emergency evacuation).
Almost all textbooks have some form of description of these three types of disasters, with the exception of volcanic mudflows. Of course, since these are geography textbooks, they do not explain them in great detail. You should learn about disaster phenomena in Basic Geography or other textbooks to have sufficient knowledge of these disasters.
You need to evacuate quickly from these three types of disasters. However...people don't run away unexpectedly. It is very difficult to escape even when danger is imminent. In fact, at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake, it is known that there were people who did not escape even though they sensed the danger of a tsunami. Have you ever heard of "normalcy bias"? It is a psychological condition in which people think that their situation is normal, even in an emergency situation such as an imminent disaster. In such a state of mind, people think that they will be fine and do not evacuate easily. In order to avoid being caught in the "normalcy bias," it is important to know that the "normalcy bias" exists and how to get out of it.
I thought that "normalcy bias" was probably not written in the geography textbooks, but when I looked in the geography textbooks... to my surprise, I found that it is written in three different textbooks. I think this is wonderful.
Now, I am running out of words. In my presentation, I would like to talk about "eruption prediction" and "unexpectedness" in hazard maps.