*Noel S Keenlyside^1,2, Hui Ding³, Marta Martin-Rey^3,4, Belen Rodriguez-Fonseca⁵, Mojib Latif⁶ (1.Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre, 2.Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, 3.Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, NOAA, USA, 4.LOCEAN-IPSL, UPMC, France, 5.University Complutense of Madrid, Spain, 6.GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany)

*Ingo Richter¹, Takeshi Doi¹, Swadhin Behera¹, Noel S Keenlyside² (1.JAMSTEC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2.Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre)

Hyacinth Nnamchi¹, *Noel S Keenlyside^2,3, Fred Kucharski⁴, Ping Chang^5,6, Jianping Li⁷, In-Sik Kang^8,9, Riccardo Farneti⁴ (1.Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 2.Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre, 3.Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, 4.Earth System Physics Section, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, 5.Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 6.Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, 7.College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, and Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, China, 8.School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, 9.Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

*Ingo Richter¹, Takeshi Doi¹, Swadhin Behera¹, Noel S Keenlyside² (1.JAMSTEC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2.Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre)

Hyacinth Nnamchi¹, *Noel S Keenlyside^2,3, Fred Kucharski⁴, Ping Chang^5,6, Jianping Li⁷, In-Sik Kang^8,9, Riccardo Farneti⁴ (1.Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 2.Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre, 3.Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, 4.Earth System Physics Section, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, 5.Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 6.Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, 7.College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, and Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, China, 8.School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, 9.Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

*Noel S Keenlyside^1,2,3, Fumiaki Ogawa^1,3, HoNam Hoffman Cheung^1,3, Yongqi Gao^2,3,1, Torben Koenigk⁴, Vladimir Semenov⁵, Lingling Suo^2,3, Shuting Yang⁶, Tao Wang⁷, Martin Peter King^8,3, Guillaume Gastineau⁹, Sergey Gulev¹⁰ (1.Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen , 2.Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, 3.Bjerknes Cente for Climate Research, 4.Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sweden, 5.Helmholtz centre for ocean research Kiel GEOMAR, Germany, 6.Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark, 7.Insititute of Atmospheric Physics, China, 8.Uni-Research Climate, Norway, 9.Sorbonne universities, France, 10.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russia)