A series of MnOx were prepared with four different precipitants and employed to catalyze the combustion of toluene with the aim to clarify the role of Mn³⁺, Mn⁴⁺, surface adsorbed oxygen and lattice oxygen. Lower crystallinities and better microstructures were observed on the catalysts prepared by carbonates, due to the lower nucleation rates. The co-existence of Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ was beneficial to the transfer and transformation of electrons, which promoted the redox performance of the catalyst. But various contents of Mn³⁺ and surface adsorbed oxygen species were found on the catalysts synthesized with different precipitants. By the improving of Mn³⁺, the binding capacity of the catalyst using (NH₄)₂CO₃ as precipitant (Mn-AC) to oxygen was weakened, thus increasing its oxygen mobility. Furthermore, more oxygen vacancies were produced, resulting in the generation of more active oxygen species on the surface of Mn-AC. Abundant adsorbed oxygen of Mn-AC enhanced the oxidation ability of lattice oxygen by the rapid supplement of consumed lattice oxygen species. Therefore, Mn-AC with excellent catalytic activity and durability is a promising industrial catalyst for efficient removal of toluene.

It has been reported that the vanadium complex catalyst effectively catalyzes the liquid phase oxidation of benzene to phenol by using the batch reactor under oxygen pressurization. In this case, the higher oxygen pressure in this reaction system leads to the higher activity of phenol formation, suggesting that the amount of oxygen dissolved in the reaction solution affected this phenol formation activity. Whereas it is known that the slug flow which has the circulation flows increases the contact interface between the catalysts within the reaction solution and the gas phase. In this study, the liquid phase oxidation reaction of benzene to phenol over vanadium complex catalyst is carried out by using the slug flow reactor under the several reaction conditions.

The effect that UV-LED irradiation exerted on a sodium-modified silver catalyst supported on strontium carbonate (Ag-Na/SrCO₃) was examined during a direct epoxidation of propylene to propylene oxide. UV-LED irradiation of Ag(56)-Na(1)/SrCO₃ resulted in an evident improvement in the selectivity and yield of propylene oxide. We proposed a mechanism based on the plasmon excitation of silver, which could be accomplished using the irradiation wavelength of UV-LED to produce electrons derived from the plasmon excitation of silver.