*Yumi Abe¹, Shoshiro Minobe^1,5, Takamitsu Ito², Curtis Deutsch³, Matthew C. Long⁴ (1.Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science,Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, 2.School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 3.School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, 4.Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA, 5.Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan)

*Yumi Abe¹, Shoshiro Minobe^1,5, Takamitsu Ito², Curtis Deutsch³, Matthew C. Long⁴ (1.Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science,Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, 2.School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 3.School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, 4.Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA, 5.Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan)