*Yosuke Niwa^1,2, Akihiko Ito¹, Toshinobu Machida¹, Motoki Sasakawa¹, Yasunori Tohjima¹, Taku Umezawa¹, Shinji Morimoto³, Shuji Aoki³, Yousuke Sawa², Kazuhiro Tsuboi², Hidekazu Matsueda², Ed Dlugokencky⁴, Christina Harth⁵, Paul B Krummel⁶, Ray L Langenfelds⁶, Zoe M Loh⁶, Jens Mühle⁵, Simon O’Doherty⁷, Ronald G Prinn⁸, Michel Ramonet⁹, Peter Salameh⁵, Colm Sweeney⁴, Ray Weiss⁵, Dickon Young⁷, Simona Castaldi^10,11, Sergio Noce¹², Marielle Saunois⁹, Ann R Stavert¹³ (1.National Institute for Environmental Studies, 2.Meteorological Research Institute, 3.Tohoku University, 4.Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 5.Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, 6.Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, 7.School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, 8.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9.Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), 10.DISTABIF, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 11.Department Landscape Design & Sustainable Ecosystems RUDN University, 12.IAFES, Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, 13.Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere)

*Yosuke Niwa^1,2, Akihiko Ito¹, Toshinobu Machida¹, Motoki Sasakawa¹, Yasunori Tohjima¹, Taku Umezawa¹, Shinji Morimoto³, Shuji Aoki³, Yousuke Sawa², Kazuhiro Tsuboi², Hidekazu Matsueda², Ed Dlugokencky⁴, Christina Harth⁵, Paul B Krummel⁶, Ray L Langenfelds⁶, Zoe M Loh⁶, Jens Mühle⁵, Simon O’Doherty⁷, Ronald G Prinn⁸, Michel Ramonet⁹, Peter Salameh⁵, Colm Sweeney⁴, Ray Weiss⁵, Dickon Young⁷, Simona Castaldi^10,11, Sergio Noce¹², Marielle Saunois⁹, Ann R Stavert¹³ (1.National Institute for Environmental Studies, 2.Meteorological Research Institute, 3.Tohoku University, 4.Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 5.Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, 6.Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, 7.School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, 8.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9.Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), 10.DISTABIF, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 11.Department Landscape Design & Sustainable Ecosystems RUDN University, 12.IAFES, Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, 13.Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere)

*Yoichi Inai¹, Ryo Fujita^2,1, Toshinobu Machida³, Hidekazu Matsueda⁴, Yousuke Sawa⁴, Kazuhiro Tsuboi⁴, Keiichi Katsumata^3,5, Shinji Morimoto¹, Shuji Aoki¹, Takakiyo Nakazawa¹ (1.Tohoku Univ., 2.Imperial College London, 3.NIES, 4.MRI, 5.Takachiho Chem. Industrial)

*Yoichi Inai¹, Toshinobu Machida², Hidekazu Matsueda³, Yousuke Sawa³, Kazuhiro Tsuboi³, Keiichi Katsumata^2,4, Shinji Morimoto¹, Shuji Aoki¹, Takakiyo Nakazawa¹, Ryo Fujita^5,1 (1.Tohoku Univ., 2.NIES, 3.MRI, 4.Takachiho Chem. Industrial, 5.Imperial College London)

*Yoichi Inai¹, Toshinobu Machida², Hidekazu Matsueda³, Yousuke Sawa³, Kazuhiro Tsuboi³, Keiichi Katsumata^2,4, Shinji Morimoto¹, Shuji Aoki¹, Takakiyo Nakazawa¹, Ryo Fujita^5,1 (1.Tohoku Univ., 2.NIES, 3.MRI, 4.Takachiho Chem. Industrial, 5.Imperial College London)

*Kenji Kawamura^1,2,3, Ikumi Oyabu¹, Shuji Aoki⁴, Takakiyo Nakazawa⁴, Ayako Abe-Ouchi^5,3, Fuyuki SAITO³ (1.National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, 2.SOKENDAI (The Graduate University of Advanced Studies), 3.JAMSTEC, 4.Tohoku University, 5.University of Tokyo)