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[048] Development and Verification of a “Support System for Disaster Prevention and Evacuation” Based on an Emergency Drill
Keywords:the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, a support system, people who need support, government, welfare evacuation shelters, an emergency drill
During the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, information sharing between those needing assistance, welfare evacuation shelters, and the government was insufficient, effecting a situation where many evacuees who should have had access to welfare evacuation shelters had to stay in general evaluation shelters that were not fully equipped to meet their needs. In preparation for possible disasters in the future, we are developing a “support system for disaster prevention and evacuation” that connects the three parties by utilizing IT technology. The aim of this study is to complete the support system (disaster model), carry out a disaster prevention drill using the support system, and verify the usefulness of the support system. The users of the support system are people who need support, welfare evacuation shelters, and the government (Kumamoto City).
The support system aims to deepen their cooperation and allow many people who need support to move to welfare evacuation shelters safely in a disaster. It supports each of the four phases of disaster: prevention activities, disaster, recovery, and problem management. What is important in each phase is that the government, which makes the connection between people who need support and welfare evacuation shelters, can collect all the information, and contact both parties efficiently and effectively. In this study, we worked on support during a disaster as the first phase. Support in a disaster is to convey information about people who need support and list welfare evacuation shelters. As the situation of who needs to evacuate and the capacities of individual evacuation shelters remain dynamic throughout the disaster, these changes can be seen in real time by the government. The government can then formulate more accurate instructions considering those changing circumstances. The information regarding people who need support includes their current location, physical condition, and their need for assistance. In addition, the basic concepts of the support system (1) ready to use, (2) anyone can use it, (3) easy to understand, and (4) can be used anywhere. We conducted the emergency drill using the support system to verify the usefulness of this system. Kumamoto City Hall was set up as the disaster prevention headquarters. In this drill, we planned three scenarios using both a system method and a conventional method of allocating information. This drill’s simulation is set on the assumption that a new earthquake occurred in Kumamoto City. For the system method, the communication between the three parties uses the internet on the support system. The conventional method uses telephone and fax lines. It may be difficult to use telephone or fax if the city hall is damaged during a disaster. On the other hand, in the system method, even if the city hall cannot be used, the headquarters can work anywhere in different places and buildings.
The support system aims to deepen their cooperation and allow many people who need support to move to welfare evacuation shelters safely in a disaster. It supports each of the four phases of disaster: prevention activities, disaster, recovery, and problem management. What is important in each phase is that the government, which makes the connection between people who need support and welfare evacuation shelters, can collect all the information, and contact both parties efficiently and effectively. In this study, we worked on support during a disaster as the first phase. Support in a disaster is to convey information about people who need support and list welfare evacuation shelters. As the situation of who needs to evacuate and the capacities of individual evacuation shelters remain dynamic throughout the disaster, these changes can be seen in real time by the government. The government can then formulate more accurate instructions considering those changing circumstances. The information regarding people who need support includes their current location, physical condition, and their need for assistance. In addition, the basic concepts of the support system (1) ready to use, (2) anyone can use it, (3) easy to understand, and (4) can be used anywhere. We conducted the emergency drill using the support system to verify the usefulness of this system. Kumamoto City Hall was set up as the disaster prevention headquarters. In this drill, we planned three scenarios using both a system method and a conventional method of allocating information. This drill’s simulation is set on the assumption that a new earthquake occurred in Kumamoto City. For the system method, the communication between the three parties uses the internet on the support system. The conventional method uses telephone and fax lines. It may be difficult to use telephone or fax if the city hall is damaged during a disaster. On the other hand, in the system method, even if the city hall cannot be used, the headquarters can work anywhere in different places and buildings.